What is the 5 Whys technique? Developed at Toyota, the 5 Whys is a root cause analysis tool that asks 'Why?' repeatedly (usually five times) to move past symptoms and reach the true root cause of a problem. It prevents recurring issues in budgets, safety, services, and infrastructure without fancy software. Gather a small team. Start with the observable problem. Ask "Why?" each time based on evidence (no blame—just facts). Stop when you hit a systemic fixable cause.
How It Works – A Municipal Example
Problem: Municipal worker develops hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) from prolonged tool use.
Why 1: Hands went numb and painful after repeated jackhammer/pneumatic tamper use.
Why 2: High vibration levels are transmitted directly to the hands and arms during concrete breaking.
Why 3: Using older, high-vibration pneumatic tools for extended periods without limits.
Why 4: No lower-vibration alternatives were substituted for the task.
Why 5: The tool selection process didn't prioritize low-vibration models or antivibration features.
Root Cause: Reliance on high-vibration tools without substitution for lower-vibration options.
Start Using the 5 Whys Today – Save Time & Resources
- Better decisions for your community start with asking the right questions.
- Train teams in under 30 minutes.
- Try it on your next injury or near miss.
Keep problems from repeating.
